Abstract: As a specific type of equipment, the boiler’s operation conditions are closely related to the safety of the public’s life and property. Its water quality is greatly important to the the safe operation of the boiler as well as energy-saving and emission reduction. Based on the operation experiences, factors affecting the results of the boiler water quality detection including the detection standard selection, the field sampling, the field detection and the lab analysis process are analyzed. The purpose of the analysis is to improve the accuracy of the water quality test results to better guide the boiler’s safe and economic operation.